Engine parts for FIAT

ENGINE TYPES FOR DIFFERENT VEHICLES

In general, an engine is a machine that transforms e.g. thermal or chemical energy sources into mechanical energy. A distinction is made between engines according to the type of energy conversion, so there are internal combustion engines, electric motors and hybrid engines. Combustion engines have so far played the largest role in the automotive industry. However, hybrid and electric motors are becoming more and more important due to new environmental policies. Internal combustion engines are differentiated by the type of fuel they burn. Either a petrol engine or 4-stroke engine that converts petrol or a diesel engine.

CONSTRUCTION OF THE ENGINE

The internal combustion engine generates kinetic energy, heat and friction by burning a fuel, which is usually petrol or diesel. A well-known internal combustion engine is the reciprocating engine, which works with both fuels. Here the pistons in the cylinders are set in motion by the gas pressure created during combustion. The conversion of the piston movement into torque is carried out by a crank drive, using connecting rods and a crankshaft. The rotary motion is then considered wheel drive. In addition to driving the car, the engine also serves as an energy supplier for other systems. These are powered by the generator, which charges a battery. A petrol engine works according to the spark igniter principle, combustion takes place via an electrical ignition spark that is time-controlled. The diesel engine is a self-igniter, here the combustion takes place through the hot air without any other external influences. In addition to the classic internal combustion engine, there are also hydrogen internal combustion engines. The function is similar to that of a petrol engine, the difference lies in the fuel. With this method, hydrogen is burned, a disadvantage is the increased ignition temperature.

MODERN ENGINE DEVELOPMENTS

Electric motors are becoming more and more accessible and sought after due to the current bad environmental conditions. Politicians are pushing for solutions that reduce CO2 emissions and oil consumption. Electric motors have different constructions. The car can either be powered by a central engine or by a decentralized system consisting of several electric motors attached to the axles or wheels. Since there is no fuel combustion in this method, kinetic energy is generated by converting electrical energy using magnetic fields. The energy source comes from batteries or fuel cells. Since the range of an electric car is currently still limited, the hybrid drive was developed. This system integrates the combustion engine and electric motor. These can then act either simultaneously or alternately.